SANTA CASA 2018: 2ª Dia - Questão 16 a 20 Leia o texto para responder às questões de 16 a 20. Unexpected effects of nutrition In the l...
SANTA CASA 2018: 2ª Dia - Questão 16 a 20
Leia o texto para responder às questões de 16 a 20.
In the late 1960s, a team of researchers began distributing a nutritional supplement to families with young children in rural Guatemala. They were testing the assumption that providing enough protein in the first few years of life would reduce the incidence of stunted growth.
It did. Children who received added nutrition grew 1 to 2 centimetres taller than those in a control group. But the benefits didn’t stop there. These children went on to score higher on reading and knowledge tests as adolescents, and when researchers returned in the early 2000s, women who had received the supplements in the first three years of life completed more years of schooling and men had higher incomes.
“Had there not been these follow-ups, this study probably would have been largely forgotten,” says Reynaldo Martorell, a specialist in maternal and child nutrition who led the followup studies. Instead, he says, the findings made financial institutions such as the World Bank think of early nutritional interventions as long-term investments in human health. Since the Guatemalan research, studies around the world — in Brazil, Peru, Jamaica, the Philippines, Kenya and Zimbabwe — have all associated poor or stunted growth in young children with lower cognitive test scores and worse school achievement. A picture slowly emerged that being too short early in life is a sign of adverse conditions — such as poor diet and regular episodes of diarrhea — and a predictor for intellectual deficits and mortality.
Questão 16
The study carried out in rural Guatemala aimed at
(A) tackling a very typical childhood health problem found in poor and underdeveloped countries.
(B) relating adequate nutrition in childhood to learning and schooling later in life.
(C) investigating the relation between nutrition and occurrence of short height in early childhood.
(D) confirming the overall benefits brought about by a diet rich in proteins.
(E) understanding the gains of offering supplements not only to children but to adult men and women as well.
Resposta: (C) investigating the relation between nutrition and occurrence of short height in early childhood.
- O estudo realizado na zona rural da Guatemala visava a investigar a relação entre nutrição e a ocorrência de baixa estatura na primeira infância.
No texto:
“In the late 1960s, a team of researchers began distributing a nutritional supplement to families with young children in rural Guatemala. They were testing the assumption that providing enough protein in the first few years of life would reduce the incidence of stunted growth.”
Questão 17
As far as the results of the study are concerned, we understand that
(A) children who had been given supplements tended to have better learning outcomes when they grew older.
(B) benefits of the nutrition interventions were not as remarkable as had been predicted by researchers.
(C) children in Guatemala are now 1 to 2 centimeters taller than they used to be.
(D) women receiving extra nutrition throughout adolescence stayed in school for a larger number of years.
(E) people in Guatemala now have access to better schooling and higher incomes.
Resposta: (A) children who had been given supplements tended to have better learning outcomes when they grew older.
- No que se refere aos resultados do estudo, entendemos que as crianças que haviam recebido suplementos tendiam a ter resultados de aprendizado melhores quando envelheciam.
No texto:
“Children who received added nutrition grew 1 to 2 centimetres taller than those in a control group. But the benefits didn’t stop there. These children went on to score higher on reading and knowledge tests as adolescents, and when researchers returned in the early 2000s, women who had received the supplements in the first three years of life completed more years of schooling and men had higher incomes.”
Questão 18
In the sentence from the second paragraph “But the benefits didn´t stop there”, the word in bold refers to
(A) rural Guatemala.
(B) the data from the control group.
(C) the countries involved in research on nutrition.
(D) the families who received the supplements.
(E) the effects of added nutrition on children’s growth.
Resposta: (E) the effects of added nutrition on children’s growth.
- Na oração do segundo parágrafo “porém os benefícios não pararam aí”, a palavra sublinhada there refere-se aos efeitos da nutrição adicional no desenvolvimento das crianças.
Questão 19
De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, uma relevante particularidade da pesquisa descrita recai sobre o fato de ela
(A) haver congregado pesquisadores de diferentes paí- ses para que se pudesse fazer face a uma questão de alcance mundial.
(B) constituir um exemplo de estudo sobre intervenção nutricional com dados coletados em momentos diversos da vida dos participantes.
(C) enfrentar um grave problema de saúde pública na infância nunca antes abordado.
(D) ter revelado inesperadas relações entre má nutrição, crescimento infantil e aprendizagem escolar.
(E) ser o primeiro caso de estudo sobre nutrição a receber investimentos de longo prazo do Banco Mundial.
Resposta: (B) constituir um exemplo de estudo sobre intervenção nutricional com dados coletados em momentos diversos da vida dos participantes.
- No texto:
"Had there not being these follow-ups (2.º parágrafo), this study probably would have been largely forgotten".
Questão 20
What, according to the third paragraph, can work as a predictor for intellectual deficits and mortality?
(A) The picture emerging from previous studies.
(B) Poor diet and diarrheal diseases.
(C) Various adverse conditions.
(D) Being too short early in life.
(E) Low cognitive abilities and school achievement.
Resposta: (D) Being too short early in life.
- O que de acordo com o 3º parágrafo, pode funcionar como preditor de deficits intelectuais e mortalidade é o fato de o bebê ser baixo demais no começo de sua vida.
No texto,
“A picture slowly emerged that being too short early in life is a sign of adverse conditions — such as poor diet and regular episodes of diarrhea — and a predictor for intellectual deficits and mortality.”
Questão anterior:
- Leia o texto para responder às questões de 11 a 15.
Próxima questão:
- O povo não tem sempre o costume assinalado de pôr uma pessoa qualquer à sua frente, fomentando o desenvolvimento da sua grandeza?
Leia o texto para responder às questões de 16 a 20.
Unexpected effects of nutrition
In the late 1960s, a team of researchers began distributing a nutritional supplement to families with young children in rural Guatemala. They were testing the assumption that providing enough protein in the first few years of life would reduce the incidence of stunted growth.
It did. Children who received added nutrition grew 1 to 2 centimetres taller than those in a control group. But the benefits didn’t stop there. These children went on to score higher on reading and knowledge tests as adolescents, and when researchers returned in the early 2000s, women who had received the supplements in the first three years of life completed more years of schooling and men had higher incomes.
“Had there not been these follow-ups, this study probably would have been largely forgotten,” says Reynaldo Martorell, a specialist in maternal and child nutrition who led the followup studies. Instead, he says, the findings made financial institutions such as the World Bank think of early nutritional interventions as long-term investments in human health. Since the Guatemalan research, studies around the world — in Brazil, Peru, Jamaica, the Philippines, Kenya and Zimbabwe — have all associated poor or stunted growth in young children with lower cognitive test scores and worse school achievement. A picture slowly emerged that being too short early in life is a sign of adverse conditions — such as poor diet and regular episodes of diarrhea — and a predictor for intellectual deficits and mortality.
(Carina Storrs. www.nature.com, 12.07.2017. Adaptado.)
Questão 16
The study carried out in rural Guatemala aimed at
(A) tackling a very typical childhood health problem found in poor and underdeveloped countries.
(B) relating adequate nutrition in childhood to learning and schooling later in life.
(C) investigating the relation between nutrition and occurrence of short height in early childhood.
(D) confirming the overall benefits brought about by a diet rich in proteins.
(E) understanding the gains of offering supplements not only to children but to adult men and women as well.
Resposta: (C) investigating the relation between nutrition and occurrence of short height in early childhood.
- O estudo realizado na zona rural da Guatemala visava a investigar a relação entre nutrição e a ocorrência de baixa estatura na primeira infância.
No texto:
“In the late 1960s, a team of researchers began distributing a nutritional supplement to families with young children in rural Guatemala. They were testing the assumption that providing enough protein in the first few years of life would reduce the incidence of stunted growth.”
Questão 17
As far as the results of the study are concerned, we understand that
(A) children who had been given supplements tended to have better learning outcomes when they grew older.
(B) benefits of the nutrition interventions were not as remarkable as had been predicted by researchers.
(C) children in Guatemala are now 1 to 2 centimeters taller than they used to be.
(D) women receiving extra nutrition throughout adolescence stayed in school for a larger number of years.
(E) people in Guatemala now have access to better schooling and higher incomes.
Resposta: (A) children who had been given supplements tended to have better learning outcomes when they grew older.
- No que se refere aos resultados do estudo, entendemos que as crianças que haviam recebido suplementos tendiam a ter resultados de aprendizado melhores quando envelheciam.
No texto:
“Children who received added nutrition grew 1 to 2 centimetres taller than those in a control group. But the benefits didn’t stop there. These children went on to score higher on reading and knowledge tests as adolescents, and when researchers returned in the early 2000s, women who had received the supplements in the first three years of life completed more years of schooling and men had higher incomes.”
Questão 18
In the sentence from the second paragraph “But the benefits didn´t stop there”, the word in bold refers to
(A) rural Guatemala.
(B) the data from the control group.
(C) the countries involved in research on nutrition.
(D) the families who received the supplements.
(E) the effects of added nutrition on children’s growth.
Resposta: (E) the effects of added nutrition on children’s growth.
- Na oração do segundo parágrafo “porém os benefícios não pararam aí”, a palavra sublinhada there refere-se aos efeitos da nutrição adicional no desenvolvimento das crianças.
Questão 19
De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, uma relevante particularidade da pesquisa descrita recai sobre o fato de ela
(A) haver congregado pesquisadores de diferentes paí- ses para que se pudesse fazer face a uma questão de alcance mundial.
(B) constituir um exemplo de estudo sobre intervenção nutricional com dados coletados em momentos diversos da vida dos participantes.
(C) enfrentar um grave problema de saúde pública na infância nunca antes abordado.
(D) ter revelado inesperadas relações entre má nutrição, crescimento infantil e aprendizagem escolar.
(E) ser o primeiro caso de estudo sobre nutrição a receber investimentos de longo prazo do Banco Mundial.
Resposta: (B) constituir um exemplo de estudo sobre intervenção nutricional com dados coletados em momentos diversos da vida dos participantes.
- No texto:
"Had there not being these follow-ups (2.º parágrafo), this study probably would have been largely forgotten".
Questão 20
What, according to the third paragraph, can work as a predictor for intellectual deficits and mortality?
(A) The picture emerging from previous studies.
(B) Poor diet and diarrheal diseases.
(C) Various adverse conditions.
(D) Being too short early in life.
(E) Low cognitive abilities and school achievement.
Resposta: (D) Being too short early in life.
- O que de acordo com o 3º parágrafo, pode funcionar como preditor de deficits intelectuais e mortalidade é o fato de o bebê ser baixo demais no começo de sua vida.
No texto,
“A picture slowly emerged that being too short early in life is a sign of adverse conditions — such as poor diet and regular episodes of diarrhea — and a predictor for intellectual deficits and mortality.”
Questão anterior:
- Leia o texto para responder às questões de 11 a 15.
Próxima questão:
- O povo não tem sempre o costume assinalado de pôr uma pessoa qualquer à sua frente, fomentando o desenvolvimento da sua grandeza?
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